更に
Even more or further, Again, More and more
Structure
Explanation
更に is an adverb used in Japanese to express that something has increased, developed, or been added to. Common English equivalents include 'even more', 'furthermore', 'on top of that', or 'in addition'. The core function of 更に is to show that a situation or quality described in the second part of a sentence has escalated beyond what was established in the first part. This escalation can apply to a degree, amount, or an additional action or event.
Because さらに functions as an adverb that builds upon existing information, it is commonly placed at the start of a clause to modify the statement that follows, expanding upon a previously established context.
- きのうも寒かったですが、今日はさらに寒くなりました。It was cold yesterday, but it got even colder today.
- 日本語の勉強は面白いですが、友達と一緒にするとさらに楽しくなります。Studying Japanese is interesting, but it becomes even more fun when you do it with a friend.
- 荷物が重かったのに、本を入れて更に重くなった。My bag was already heavy, but after putting a book in, it got even heavier.
Fun-fact
The nuance of 更に implies that an initial condition was already significant on its own. The information that follows さらに then pushes that condition past a certain point. This 'extra' element can intensify the situation in a way that is either positive or negative, depending entirely on the context of the sentence.
- 彼は料理が上手だったが、教室に通い始めてから更に上手になった。He was already good at cooking, but since he started attending classes, he has gotten even better.
- 寝坊して電車に乗り遅れた。更に雨まで降ってきた。I overslept and missed my train. On top of that, it started to rain.
Examples
問題がさらに複雑になった。
The problem became even more complicated.
さらに練習が必要だと思います。
I think you need to practice even more.
状況はさらに悪化し、どうすればいいか分からなくなった。
The situation worsened even further, and we were at a loss for what to do.
雨がさらに強く降ってきた。
The rain started coming down even harder.
さらに、もう一点付け加えたいことがあります。
Furthermore, there is one more point I would like to add.
冬が深まると、寒さはさらに厳しくなるだろう。
As winter sets in, the cold will become even more severe.
このアップデートで、パフォーマンスがさらに向上します。
With this update, performance will be further improved.
あの事件の後、彼らの関係はさらに冷え込んだ。
After that incident, their relationship grew even more strained.
さらに詳しく説明していただけますか。
Could you please explain that in further detail?
野菜の値段はさらに上がるだろう。
The price of vegetables will likely go up even more.
テレビに出てから、彼女の人気はさらに高まった。
After appearing on TV, her popularity grew even more.
新しいルールのせいで、仕事がさらにやりにくくなった。
The new rules have made my job even more difficult to do.