また (which can be written in kanji as 又(また)) is a term used to express concepts like 'again', 'also', 'in addition', or 'furthermore'. This might seem like a lot of meanings at first, but it can be simplified by thinking of また as indicating a 'repetition' of an action or state (A). This idea of repetition is broader than in English, as it can mean repeating the same action or introducing a new, alternative one. また can function as an adverb or a conjunction. In this grammar point, we will concentrate on its use as a conjunction.

Like many other conjunctions in the Japanese language, また can be used to start a new sentence or phrase, as long as it introduces a self-contained thought.

• また電話(でんわ)してね！
  Call me again, okay?
• また会(あ)おうね！
  Let's meet again!

Because また doesn't have a single, direct equivalent in English, let's clarify its function. The specific nuance of また changes based on whether it is describing a repeat of the exact same event, or the addition of a new, different event. Due to this flexibility, また can imply the following.

When the same (A) action is repeated - This carries the nuance of 'again' or 'once more'.

When a different (A) action is added - This carries the nuance of 'also' or 'in addition'.

• また遅刻(ちこく)したの？
  You're late again?
• 彼女(かのじょ)は医者(いしゃ)であり、また作家(さっか)でもある。
  She is a doctor, and also a writer.