以下
Less than (or equal to), Under・(and) below, Any less・fewer, Not exceeding
Structure
それ(1) + 以下
(1) これ、あれ
Explanation
The expression 以下 is used to indicate that something is 'equal to or less than (A)'. This term is constructed from the kanji 以, meaning 'with' or 'based on', and 下, meaning 'down' or 'under'. It often translates to '(A) or less', 'not more than (A)', or 'at most (A)'.
To apply 以下, place it directly after the number or value that serves as the upper limit.
- １２歳以下のお子様は無料です。Children 12 and under are free of charge.
- 予算は５千円以下でお願いします。Please keep the budget to 5,000 yen or less.
Just as 以上 can refer to 'what has been stated', 以下 is frequently used in writing and formal speech to mean 'what comes next', 'the remainder', or 'as follows'.
- 彼のスピーチは以下の通りです。His speech is as follows.
- 申込みには以下の情報が必要です。The following information is required for the application.
Examples
今日の気温は０度以下です。
The temperature today is 0 degrees or below.
一万円以下のプレゼントを探しています。
I'm looking for a present that costs 10,000 yen or less.
かごの中のりんごは五個以下だ。
There are five or fewer apples in the basket.
これ以下の品質は受け付けません。
We cannot accept quality below this level. (less than or equal to)
パーティーに来たのは２０人以下。
20 or fewer people came to the party.
私の日本語のレベルはまだ中級以下だった。
My Japanese level was still below intermediate.
この映画は１３歳以下の子供は見られません。
Children 13 or younger cannot watch this movie.
体重が５０キロ以下なら、この薬は飲めません。
If your weight is 50 kilograms or less, you cannot take this medicine.
この村に住んでいる人は５００人以下です。
There are 500 or fewer people living in this village. (not more than)
それが安いと思う？私が払ったのは３千円以下ですよ。
You think that's cheap? What I paid was under 3000 yen.
彼は数学でB評価以下を取ったことがない。
He has never received a grade lower than a B in math. (or equal to)
イベントの参加者は３０人以下でした。
The number of participants for the event was 30 or less. (...or equal to)